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TODGA (N,N,N',N'-tetraoctyldiglycolamide) is typically synthesized through a multi-step process involving:
1. Reaction of diglycolic acid with an amine: Diglycolic acid is reacted with a primary amine, such as n-octylamine, to form the corresponding N-monoalkylated diglycolamide.
2. Alkylation of the N-monoalkylated diglycolamide: The N-monoalkylated diglycolamide is then alkylated with another equivalent of the primary amine to form TODGA.
3. Purification: The final product is purified through various techniques like recrystallization or column chromatography.
Specific reaction conditions and purification methods can vary depending on the desired purity and yield.