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Baby diapers function by using a combination of absorbent materials, primarily superabsorbent polymers (SAPs). SAPs are long-chain polymers that can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid, up to hundreds of times their weight. When urine comes into contact with the diaper, it is absorbed by the SAPs, forming a gel-like substance that keeps the diaper dry and comfortable for the baby. The diaper also typically has a layer of non-woven fabric that helps to distribute the liquid evenly and prevent leaks.