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Characteristic properties of compounds formed by pure covalent, polar covalent and dative covalent bonds
Accepted Answer
Covalent Compounds
Nonpolar Covalent Compounds:
- Formed between atoms of the same element or between atoms of different elements with similar electronegativities
- Electrons are shared equally between the atoms
- Have low melting and boiling points
- Are typically gases or liquids at room temperature
- Do not conduct electricity
- Examples: H2, Cl2, CH4
Polar Covalent Compounds:
- Formed between atoms of different elements with different electronegativities
- Electrons are not shared equally between the atoms, resulting in a partial positive charge on one atom and a partial negative charge on the other
- Have higher melting and boiling points than nonpolar covalent compounds
- Are typically liquids or solids at room temperature
- Can conduct electricity in solution
- Examples: HCl, H2O, NH3
Dative Covalent Compounds:
- Formed when one atom donates both electrons to form the covalent bond
- The atom that donates the electrons is called the donor atom, and the atom that accepts the electrons is called the acceptor atom
- Have properties similar to polar covalent compounds
- Examples: BF3•NH3, H3O+
Nonpolar Covalent Compounds:
- Formed between atoms of the same element or between atoms of different elements with similar electronegativities
- Electrons are shared equally between the atoms
- Have low melting and boiling points
- Are typically gases or liquids at room temperature
- Do not conduct electricity
- Examples: H2, Cl2, CH4
Polar Covalent Compounds:
- Formed between atoms of different elements with different electronegativities
- Electrons are not shared equally between the atoms, resulting in a partial positive charge on one atom and a partial negative charge on the other
- Have higher melting and boiling points than nonpolar covalent compounds
- Are typically liquids or solids at room temperature
- Can conduct electricity in solution
- Examples: HCl, H2O, NH3
Dative Covalent Compounds:
- Formed when one atom donates both electrons to form the covalent bond
- The atom that donates the electrons is called the donor atom, and the atom that accepts the electrons is called the acceptor atom
- Have properties similar to polar covalent compounds
- Examples: BF3•NH3, H3O+
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