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Chemical concentrations: Molar concentration, Analytical molarity, Equilibrium molarity of a particular species, Percent concentration, Parts per million/billion (ppm/ppb), Volume ratios for dilution procedures. notes for this bsc students
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Chemical Concentrations
Molar Concentration (Molarity)
Defined as moles of solute per liter of solution (mol/L).
Represents the number of moles of a substance dissolved in a specific volume of solution.
Analytical Molarity
The total molar concentration of a species in solution, regardless of its form.
Includes all forms of the species, including undissociated and dissociated forms.
Equilibrium Molarity
The molar concentration of a particular species at equilibrium.
Represents the concentration of the species after the reaction has reached equilibrium.
Percent Concentration
Expresses the amount of solute as a percentage of the total solution weight or volume.
Types:
Weight/Weight (w/w): Grams of solute per 100 grams of solution.
Weight/Volume (w/v): Grams of solute per 100 mL of solution.
Volume/Volume (v/v): Milliliters of solute per 100 mL of solution.
Parts per Million (ppm) and Parts per Billion (ppb)
Used for expressing very low concentrations.
ppm: 1 mg of solute per 1 kg of solution or 1 mg of solute per 1 L of solution.
ppb: 1 µg of solute per 1 kg of solution or 1 µg of solute per 1 L of solution.
Volume Ratios for Dilution Procedures
Used to calculate the volumes of concentrated solutions and diluent needed to prepare a specific concentration.
Dilution Equation: C1V1 = C2V2
C1: Initial concentration
V1: Initial volume
C2: Final concentration
V2: Final volume
Notes for BSc Students:
Understanding different concentration units is crucial for working with solutions in chemistry.
Learn to convert between different concentration units, as this is frequently required in calculations.
Practice solving problems involving dilution, preparation of solutions, and equilibrium calculations.
Molar Concentration (Molarity)
Defined as moles of solute per liter of solution (mol/L).
Represents the number of moles of a substance dissolved in a specific volume of solution.
Analytical Molarity
The total molar concentration of a species in solution, regardless of its form.
Includes all forms of the species, including undissociated and dissociated forms.
Equilibrium Molarity
The molar concentration of a particular species at equilibrium.
Represents the concentration of the species after the reaction has reached equilibrium.
Percent Concentration
Expresses the amount of solute as a percentage of the total solution weight or volume.
Types:
Weight/Weight (w/w): Grams of solute per 100 grams of solution.
Weight/Volume (w/v): Grams of solute per 100 mL of solution.
Volume/Volume (v/v): Milliliters of solute per 100 mL of solution.
Parts per Million (ppm) and Parts per Billion (ppb)
Used for expressing very low concentrations.
ppm: 1 mg of solute per 1 kg of solution or 1 mg of solute per 1 L of solution.
ppb: 1 µg of solute per 1 kg of solution or 1 µg of solute per 1 L of solution.
Volume Ratios for Dilution Procedures
Used to calculate the volumes of concentrated solutions and diluent needed to prepare a specific concentration.
Dilution Equation: C1V1 = C2V2
C1: Initial concentration
V1: Initial volume
C2: Final concentration
V2: Final volume
Notes for BSc Students:
Understanding different concentration units is crucial for working with solutions in chemistry.
Learn to convert between different concentration units, as this is frequently required in calculations.
Practice solving problems involving dilution, preparation of solutions, and equilibrium calculations.
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