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CHEMISTRY of NON-TRANSITION ELEMENTSrnGeneral characteristics of the non transition elements special features of individual elements explain
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General Characteristics of Non-Transition Elements:
* Lower ionization energy and lower electronegativity compared to transition elements
* Variable oxidation states and exhibit multiple bonding
* Form diverse compounds with a wide range of properties
* React slowly with other elements
Special Features of Individual Non-Transition Elements:
- Group 1 (Alkali Metals): Highly reactive, form 1+ ions, and are good reducing agents.
- Group 2 (Alkaline Earth Metals): Less reactive than alkali metals, form 2+ ions, and have higher melting and boiling points.
- Group 13 (Boron Group): Exhibit allotropy (e.g., boron), form covalent compounds, and have electron-deficient species.
- Group 14 (Carbon Group): Carbon forms a vast array of compounds due to its ability to form multiple bonds, including hydrocarbons, alcohols, and polymers.
- Group 15 (Nitrogen Group): Nitrogen is a vital component of proteins, DNA, and RNA, and forms a variety of oxides and acids.
- Group 16 (Oxygen Group): Oxygen is essential for life and forms a variety of oxides, peroxides, and acids.
- Group 17 (Halogens): Highly reactive, form 1- ions, and are strong oxidizing agents.
- Group 18 (Noble Gases): Inert gases with stable electron configurations and do not form chemical bonds under normal conditions.
These characteristics and properties make non-transition elements crucial in various industrial, biological, and environmental processes.
* Lower ionization energy and lower electronegativity compared to transition elements
* Variable oxidation states and exhibit multiple bonding
* Form diverse compounds with a wide range of properties
* React slowly with other elements
Special Features of Individual Non-Transition Elements:
- Group 1 (Alkali Metals): Highly reactive, form 1+ ions, and are good reducing agents.
- Group 2 (Alkaline Earth Metals): Less reactive than alkali metals, form 2+ ions, and have higher melting and boiling points.
- Group 13 (Boron Group): Exhibit allotropy (e.g., boron), form covalent compounds, and have electron-deficient species.
- Group 14 (Carbon Group): Carbon forms a vast array of compounds due to its ability to form multiple bonds, including hydrocarbons, alcohols, and polymers.
- Group 15 (Nitrogen Group): Nitrogen is a vital component of proteins, DNA, and RNA, and forms a variety of oxides and acids.
- Group 16 (Oxygen Group): Oxygen is essential for life and forms a variety of oxides, peroxides, and acids.
- Group 17 (Halogens): Highly reactive, form 1- ions, and are strong oxidizing agents.
- Group 18 (Noble Gases): Inert gases with stable electron configurations and do not form chemical bonds under normal conditions.
These characteristics and properties make non-transition elements crucial in various industrial, biological, and environmental processes.
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