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Define coupling constant in NMR. How it is calculated?
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In NMR spectroscopy, the coupling constant (J) represents the interaction between nuclear spins of adjacent atoms. It is measured in Hertz (Hz) and reflects the strength of the interaction.
The coupling constant is not calculated but rather measured directly from the NMR spectrum. It is the difference in frequency between the two peaks of a split signal, often called a doublet or multiplet. This difference in frequency directly corresponds to the strength of the spin-spin coupling interaction between the nuclei.
The coupling constant can be used to determine the connectivity and stereochemistry of molecules. For example, larger coupling constants usually indicate cis or trans isomers, while smaller coupling constants indicate diastereomers.
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