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Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a technique that measures the absorption of light by atoms in a sample. Here's how it works:
1. Sample Preparation: The sample is first dissolved in a suitable solvent and then introduced into the instrument.
2. Atomization: The sample is then passed through a high-temperature flame or a graphite furnace, which breaks down the molecules into individual atoms.
3. Light Source: A beam of light from a hollow cathode lamp, specific to the element being analyzed, is directed through the atomized sample.
4. Absorption: Atoms of the element in the sample absorb light at specific wavelengths, corresponding to their electronic transitions.
5. Detection: The amount of light absorbed is measured by a detector.
6. Quantification: The amount of light absorbed is directly proportional to the concentration of the analyte in the sample. By comparing the absorbance to a calibration curve, the concentration of the element can be determined.
In summary, AAS detects and quantifies substances by measuring the absorption of light by free atoms in a sample. The technique is highly sensitive and can be used to analyze trace amounts of metals and other elements in various matrices.