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Give me slaters rule in an example
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Slater's rules are a set of guidelines used to estimate the effective nuclear charge (Zeff) experienced by an electron in a polyelectronic atom. Zeff is the net positive charge experienced by an electron, taking into account the shielding effect of other electrons.
Here's an example for calculating the Zeff for a 3p electron in chlorine (Cl):
1. Identify the electron: We are interested in the 3p electron.
2. Determine the electron configuration: Chlorine has the configuration [Ne] 3s² 3p⁵.
3. Apply Slater's rules:
Electrons in the same shell (n=3): Each 3s and 3p electron contributes 0.35 to the shielding constant (S).
Electrons in the n-1 shell (n=2): Each 2s and 2p electron contributes 0.85 to S.
Electrons in the n-2 or lower shells (n=1): Each 1s electron contributes 1.00 to S.
Therefore, for the 3p electron:
S = (2 x 0.35) + (8 x 0.85) + (2 x 1.00) = 9.1
4. Calculate Zeff: Zeff = Z - S, where Z is the atomic number. For chlorine, Z = 17.
Zeff = 17 - 9.1 = 7.9
This means that a 3p electron in chlorine experiences an effective nuclear charge of about +7.9. The actual Zeff value can vary depending on the specific electron and the surrounding environment.
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