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Titration is a common laboratory technique used to determine the concentration of a known solution by reacting it with a solution of known concentration. The process involves adding the known solution to the unknown solution until the reaction is complete, as indicated by a color change or other observable endpoint. The volume of the known solution used is then used to calculate the concentration of the unknown solution. The general steps for performing a titration are as follows:
1. Prepare the unknown solution by accurately measuring its volume and mass.
2. Fill a buret with the known solution.
3. Add the known solution to the unknown solution dropwise while swirling the flask constantly.
4. Observe the reaction for a color change or other endpoint.
5. Record the volume of the known solution used.
6. Calculate the concentration of the unknown solution using the formula:
Concentration of unknown solution = (Concentration of known solution * Volume of known solution used) / Volume of unknown solution