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Disproportionation reactions are represented in Latimer diagrams as diagonal lines connecting species with the same element but different oxidation states. The species at the higher oxidation state is reduced to the species at the lower oxidation state, while another portion of the higher oxidation state species is simultaneously oxidized to the species at the even higher oxidation state. The diagonal line indicates that the middle species is both an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent, leading to its disproportionation.