Top topic this week
Back to FAQs
Related FAQs
Frequently Asked Question
Questions asked by users might not always be phrased in the clearest way.
) Identify the ground state free ion term symbols and (b) the ground-state energy terms, in both octahedral and tetrahedral fields, for V3+
Accepted Answer
V³⁺ Electronic Configuration and Term Symbols
Electronic Configuration: V³⁺ has an electronic configuration of [Ar] 3d².
Ground State Term Symbol:
Free Ion: The ground state term symbol is determined by Hund's rules. For d² configuration, we have two unpaired electrons, leading to a high spin state. The maximum spin multiplicity (2S+1) is 3, and the total orbital angular momentum (L) is 2 (since L = 2 for d²). Therefore, the ground state term symbol is ³F.
Octahedral Field: In an octahedral field, the d orbitals split into t₂g and eg sets. The two electrons occupy the lower energy t₂g orbitals, giving a ³T₂g ground state term symbol.
Tetrahedral Field: In a tetrahedral field, the d orbitals split with the eg set lower in energy. The two electrons occupy the eg orbitals, giving a ³E ground state term symbol.
Ground State Energy Terms: The ground state energy terms are expressed in terms of the splitting parameter (Δo for octahedral and Δt for tetrahedral) and the Racah parameters (B and C) which represent interelectronic repulsion. However, providing exact numerical values would require additional information about the specific ligands and their effects on the crystal field splitting.
In Summary:
| Field | Free Ion | Octahedral | Tetrahedral |
|---------|---------|------------|-------------|
| Term Symbol | ³F | ³T₂g | ³E |
| Energy Term | - | Δo - 3B | -3B - Δt |
Electronic Configuration: V³⁺ has an electronic configuration of [Ar] 3d².
Ground State Term Symbol:
Free Ion: The ground state term symbol is determined by Hund's rules. For d² configuration, we have two unpaired electrons, leading to a high spin state. The maximum spin multiplicity (2S+1) is 3, and the total orbital angular momentum (L) is 2 (since L = 2 for d²). Therefore, the ground state term symbol is ³F.
Octahedral Field: In an octahedral field, the d orbitals split into t₂g and eg sets. The two electrons occupy the lower energy t₂g orbitals, giving a ³T₂g ground state term symbol.
Tetrahedral Field: In a tetrahedral field, the d orbitals split with the eg set lower in energy. The two electrons occupy the eg orbitals, giving a ³E ground state term symbol.
Ground State Energy Terms: The ground state energy terms are expressed in terms of the splitting parameter (Δo for octahedral and Δt for tetrahedral) and the Racah parameters (B and C) which represent interelectronic repulsion. However, providing exact numerical values would require additional information about the specific ligands and their effects on the crystal field splitting.
In Summary:
| Field | Free Ion | Octahedral | Tetrahedral |
|---------|---------|------------|-------------|
| Term Symbol | ³F | ³T₂g | ³E |
| Energy Term | - | Δo - 3B | -3B - Δt |
Articles you might like