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The reaction between sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a neutralization reaction that produces sodium chloride (NaCl), water (H2O), and carbon dioxide gas (CO2). The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:
Na2CO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
The reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases heat. The carbon dioxide gas produced is responsible for the effervescence observed during the reaction.