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Quantum mechanical model of an atom
Accepted Answer
The quantum mechanical model of an atom attempts to explain atomic properties and behavior based on the principles of quantum mechanics. Here's a concise explanation:
Energy Levels and Orbitals:
- The model introduces the concept of energy levels or shells around the atom's nucleus.
- Within each energy level exist specific regions called orbitals, which define the spatial distribution of electrons.
- Electrons occupy these orbitals in a quantized manner, meaning they have discrete energy values.
Electron Configuration:
- The distribution of electrons in different energy levels and orbitals is called electron configuration.
- Electrons fill orbitals starting from the lowest energy level, following specific rules like Hund's rule and the Pauli exclusion principle.
Uncertainty Principle:
- The quantum mechanical model incorporates Werner Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, which highlights the fundamental limitations in simultaneously knowing both the position and momentum of an electron with absolute precision.
Wave-Particle Duality:
- The model portrays electrons as possessing both particle-like and wave-like characteristics, an essential aspect of quantum mechanics.
Atomic Spectra:
- It explains the origin of atomic spectra, which arise from the energy absorption or emission by electrons transitioning between various energy levels.
The quantum mechanical model is a more accurate representation of atomic behavior than the classical model, providing a deeper understanding of chemical bonding and reactivity.
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