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In anionic polymerization, the pKa of the monomer plays a crucial role in determining the reactivity and efficiency of the polymerization process. Higher pKa values generally indicate a weaker acid and a less reactive monomer. Consequently, polymerization becomes less favorable. This is because the deprotonation of the monomer, a necessary step in anionic polymerization, becomes less likely as the pKa increases. As a result, the rate of polymerization decreases, and the overall polymerization process may become less efficient.