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Russell-Saunders Scheme
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The Russell-Saunders coupling scheme, also known as the LS coupling scheme, is a way to describe the total angular momentum of an atom's electrons. It assumes that the spin angular momentum (S) and the orbital angular momentum (L) of each electron couple independently to form the total spin angular momentum (S) and the total orbital angular momentum (L) of the atom. These then couple to form the total angular momentum (J). This scheme is particularly useful for understanding the electronic configurations and spectral properties of atoms.
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