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State Beer Lambert's Law Define the following terms used in uv spectroscopy 1. Chromophore 2. Auxochrome 3. Redshift 4. Blueshift 5. Hyperchromic effect 6. Fluorescence
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Beer-Lambert's Law: This law states that the absorbance of a solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the analyte and the path length of the light beam through the solution. Mathematically, it is represented as: A = εbc, where A is the absorbance, ε is the molar absorptivity, b is the path length, and c is the concentration.
UV Spectroscopy Terms:
1. Chromophore: A functional group or part of a molecule that absorbs ultraviolet (UV) or visible light, resulting in electronic transitions within the molecule. Examples include carbonyl groups (C=O), aromatic rings, and conjugated double bonds.
2. Auxochrome: A group that does not absorb UV or visible light itself but can enhance the absorption of a chromophore when attached to it. Auxochromes often have lone pairs of electrons that can interact with the chromophore, shifting its absorption maximum to longer wavelengths.
3. Redshift: A shift in the absorption or emission spectrum of a molecule to longer wavelengths (lower energy). Redshifts can be caused by factors like changes in the solvent, temperature, or the presence of other molecules that interact with the chromophore.
4. Blueshift: A shift in the absorption or emission spectrum to shorter wavelengths (higher energy). Blueshifts can occur due to changes in the electronic environment of the chromophore, such as increased rigidity or reduced conjugation.
5. Hyperchromic effect: An increase in the absorbance of a solution. This effect can be caused by factors like increased concentration of the analyte, changes in the solvent, or the presence of other molecules that interact with the chromophore.
6. Fluorescence: A process where a molecule absorbs light energy and then emits light at a longer wavelength. This occurs when the molecule transitions from an excited electronic state to a lower energy state, releasing energy as photons.
UV Spectroscopy Terms:
1. Chromophore: A functional group or part of a molecule that absorbs ultraviolet (UV) or visible light, resulting in electronic transitions within the molecule. Examples include carbonyl groups (C=O), aromatic rings, and conjugated double bonds.
2. Auxochrome: A group that does not absorb UV or visible light itself but can enhance the absorption of a chromophore when attached to it. Auxochromes often have lone pairs of electrons that can interact with the chromophore, shifting its absorption maximum to longer wavelengths.
3. Redshift: A shift in the absorption or emission spectrum of a molecule to longer wavelengths (lower energy). Redshifts can be caused by factors like changes in the solvent, temperature, or the presence of other molecules that interact with the chromophore.
4. Blueshift: A shift in the absorption or emission spectrum to shorter wavelengths (higher energy). Blueshifts can occur due to changes in the electronic environment of the chromophore, such as increased rigidity or reduced conjugation.
5. Hyperchromic effect: An increase in the absorbance of a solution. This effect can be caused by factors like increased concentration of the analyte, changes in the solvent, or the presence of other molecules that interact with the chromophore.
6. Fluorescence: A process where a molecule absorbs light energy and then emits light at a longer wavelength. This occurs when the molecule transitions from an excited electronic state to a lower energy state, releasing energy as photons.
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