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Subatomic particles are the basic units of matter and include protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom, while electrons orbit the nucleus. Protons have a positive charge, electrons have a negative charge, and neutrons have no charge. The number of protons in an atom's nucleus determines its atomic number, which defines the element. The number of neutrons and electrons in an atom can vary, resulting in isotopes and ions, respectively.