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The following or groups can cause +m Effect and their compounds
Accepted Answer
Electron-donating groups can cause a +M (positive mesomeric) effect, which increases electron density in the conjugated system. Here are some common electron-donating groups and their corresponding compounds:
Alkyl groups: They have a +I (inductive) effect, which slightly pushes electron density towards the conjugated system. Example: Ethane (CH3CH3)
Alkoxy groups (-OR): These groups have a strong +M effect due to the lone pairs on oxygen. Example: Methoxybenzene (CH3OC6H5)
Amino groups (-NH2): The lone pair on nitrogen strongly donates electron density. Example: Aniline (C6H5NH2)
Hydroxyl groups (-OH): Similar to alkoxy groups, the lone pair on oxygen contributes to the +M effect. Example: Phenol (C6H5OH)
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