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The van der Waals equation is a modification of the ideal gas law that accounts for the intermolecular forces and the finite volume of gas molecules. It is expressed as: (P + a(n/V)^2)(V - nb) = nRT
where:
P is the pressure
V is the volume
n is the number of moles
R is the ideal gas constant
T is the temperature
a and b are van der Waals constants specific to the gas
The 'a' constant accounts for the attractive forces between molecules, while the 'b' constant accounts for the volume occupied by the molecules themselves.