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HPLC stands for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. It is a separation technique used in analytical chemistry to separate, identify, and quantify components of a sample. HPLC is used in various fields such as pharmaceutical analysis, food chemistry, environmental monitoring, and forensic science. The technique involves passing a liquid sample through a column packed with a stationary phase. The different components of the sample interact with the stationary phase to varying degrees, causing them to elute from the column at different times. The elution time is used to identify the components, while the peak area is used to quantify their concentration in the sample.