Polar Bonds:
Formed between atoms with significantly different electronegativity.
Electrons are not shared equally, resulting in a partial positive charge (δ+) on the less electronegative atom and a partial negative charge (δ-) on the more electronegative atom.
Example: Water (H₂O) - Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, leading to a polar O-H bond.
Non-Polar Bonds:
Formed between atoms with similar or identical electronegativity.
Electrons are shared equally, resulting in no separation of charge.
Example: Methane (CH₄) - Carbon and hydrogen have similar electronegativity, creating non-polar C-H bonds.