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What are polar and non-polar molecules explain with example (a)co2 (b)ch3cl (c)ccl4 (d)ch3oh (e)chcl3 (f) CH3CoCH3.
Accepted Answer
Polar Molecules:
Molecules with an uneven distribution of electron density, resulting in a positive and a negative end due to differences in electronegativity between atoms.
Examples:
(b) CH3Cl: The chlorine atom is more electronegative than carbon, pulling electron density towards itself, creating a partial negative charge on Cl and a partial positive charge on the carbon.
(d) CH3OH: The oxygen atom is highly electronegative, pulling electron density away from the carbon and hydrogen atoms, creating a polar molecule.
(e) CHCl3: The chlorine atoms are more electronegative than carbon, creating a polar molecule with a partial positive charge on the carbon and a partial negative charge on the chlorine atoms.
Non-Polar Molecules:
Molecules with an even distribution of electron density, lacking a distinct positive or negative end.
Examples:
(a) CO2: Although the oxygen atoms are more electronegative than carbon, the linear structure of CO2 cancels out the dipole moments, resulting in a non-polar molecule.
(c) CCl4: The four chlorine atoms are arranged symmetrically around the carbon atom, canceling out the dipole moments, making the molecule non-polar.
(f) CH3CoCH3: The molecule is symmetrical, and the electronegativity difference between carbon and hydrogen is not significant enough to create a significant dipole moment, making it non-polar.
Molecules with an uneven distribution of electron density, resulting in a positive and a negative end due to differences in electronegativity between atoms.
Examples:
(b) CH3Cl: The chlorine atom is more electronegative than carbon, pulling electron density towards itself, creating a partial negative charge on Cl and a partial positive charge on the carbon.
(d) CH3OH: The oxygen atom is highly electronegative, pulling electron density away from the carbon and hydrogen atoms, creating a polar molecule.
(e) CHCl3: The chlorine atoms are more electronegative than carbon, creating a polar molecule with a partial positive charge on the carbon and a partial negative charge on the chlorine atoms.
Non-Polar Molecules:
Molecules with an even distribution of electron density, lacking a distinct positive or negative end.
Examples:
(a) CO2: Although the oxygen atoms are more electronegative than carbon, the linear structure of CO2 cancels out the dipole moments, resulting in a non-polar molecule.
(c) CCl4: The four chlorine atoms are arranged symmetrically around the carbon atom, canceling out the dipole moments, making the molecule non-polar.
(f) CH3CoCH3: The molecule is symmetrical, and the electronegativity difference between carbon and hydrogen is not significant enough to create a significant dipole moment, making it non-polar.
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