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What is a reaction that can procede on its own without an external cause? explain disorder enthalpy change graham's law energy can neither be created nor destroyed is a law of? explain colligative property why are the rate of reaction usually faster at the beginning
Accepted Answer
A reaction that can proceed on its own without an external cause is called a spontaneous reaction. This is determined by two thermodynamic factors:
Disorder (Entropy): Reactions tend to favor an increase in disorder or randomness. A system with higher entropy is more stable.
Enthalpy Change (Heat): Reactions tend to favor a decrease in enthalpy, meaning they release heat (exothermic) and become more stable.
Graham's law describes the effusion rate of gases, not the spontaneity of a reaction.
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed is a statement of the Law of Conservation of Energy.
Colligative properties are properties of solutions that depend only on the number of solute particles present, not their identity. Examples include boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, osmotic pressure, and vapor pressure lowering.
The rate of reaction is usually faster at the beginning because there are more reactant molecules present. As the reaction proceeds, reactant concentrations decrease, leading to fewer collisions and a slower rate.
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