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Anomerism refers to the different cyclic forms of a sugar molecule that arise due to the different orientations of the hydroxyl group attached to the anomeric carbon. This carbon is the one that was originally involved in the carbonyl group of the open chain form of the sugar.
For example, glucose exists in two anomeric forms: α-glucose and β-glucose. These forms differ in the orientation of the hydroxyl group attached to the anomeric carbon (C1). In α-glucose, this hydroxyl group is below the plane of the ring, while in β-glucose, it is above the plane. This difference in orientation has significant implications for the properties and reactivity of glucose, as well as its interactions with other molecules.