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Bleach is a generic name for a group of chemical products used for whitening, bleaching, and disinfecting. In chemistry, the term bleach commonly refers to sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), a compound that releases hypochlorous acid (HOCl) when dissolved in water. HOCl is a powerful oxidizing agent that can oxidize and break down many organic compounds, including pigments, stains, and microbes, resulting in the bleaching and disinfection effects of bleach.