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An atom is the basic unit of matter and the smallest unit of an element that can exist independently. It consists of a nucleus, which contains protons and neutrons, and electrons, which orbit the nucleus. A compound, on the other hand, is a substance that contains two or more different elements chemically combined in fixed proportions by mass. A compound has a specific chemical formula that represents the ratio of the elements in the compound. For example, water is a compound with the chemical formula H2O, which means that it contains two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen. In contrast, an atom is a single unit of an element, such as a hydrogen atom (H) or an oxygen atom (O).