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Electron shell refers to the space around the atomic nucleus where electrons are most likely to be found. Each electron shell has a specific energy level, and electrons fill the shells in order of increasing energy. The first electron shell, closest to the nucleus, is called the 1s orbital and can hold up to two electrons. The second electron shell, called the 2s orbital, can hold up to two electrons as well. The third electron shell has two subshells, the 3s and 3p orbitals, with the 3s orbital holding up to two electrons and the 3p orbital holding up to six electrons. Electron shells play a crucial role in determining the chemical properties of elements and the formation of chemical bonds.