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The partition function is a mathematical function that describes the statistical distribution of energy levels in a system. In chemistry, it is used to calculate various thermodynamic properties such as entropy, free energy, and heat capacity. The partition function is given by the following equation:
Q = ℬ g¹e∈/kT
where Q is the partition function, g is the statistical weight of the energy level, ε is the energy of the level, k is the Boltzmann constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.