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WHAT is SLATERS RULE and give an example of a calculation
Accepted Answer
Slater's Rules are a set of empirical rules used to estimate the effective nuclear charge (Zeff) experienced by an electron in a polyelectronic atom. Zeff is the net positive charge experienced by an electron, considering the shielding effect of other electrons.
Calculation Example:
Let's calculate Zeff for a 3p electron in chlorine (Cl, atomic number 17).
1. Identify the electron of interest: 3p electron.
2. Determine the shielding constant (S):
- Electrons in the same shell contribute 0.35 (except for 1s electrons which contribute 0.30). In this case, there are 3 other 3p electrons, so S = 3
0.35 = 1.05.
- Electrons in the n-1 shell contribute 0.85. There are 8 electrons in the 2s and 2p orbitals, so S = 8
0.85 = 6.8.
- Electrons in n-2 or lower shells contribute 1.00. There are 2 electrons in the 1s orbital, so S = 2
1.00 = 2.0.
- The total shielding constant (S) = 1.05 + 6.8 + 2.0 = 9.85.
3. Calculate Zeff:
Zeff = Z - S = 17 - 9.85 = 7.15.
Therefore, the effective nuclear charge experienced by a 3p electron in chlorine is approximately +7.15.
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