Gradient elution has two main advantages in HPLC:
1. Improved resolution: By gradually increasing the strength of the eluent, the elution of different components is spread out over a longer period of time, leading to better separation and improved resolution.
2. Shorter analysis time: By starting with a weak eluent and gradually increasing its strength, it is possible to elute the desired components more quickly than isocratic elution, resulting in a shorter analysis time.