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What is the effective nuclear charge for valence electron in Co2+
Accepted Answer
The effective nuclear charge (Zeff) for a valence electron in Co2+ is approximately 7.2. Here's how to estimate it:
Cobalt (Co) has an atomic number of 27, meaning it has 27 protons.
Co2+ has lost two electrons, leaving it with 25 electrons.
The effective nuclear charge is the net positive charge experienced by a valence electron. This is less than the full nuclear charge due to shielding from inner electrons.
Shielding is the effect of inner electrons repelling valence electrons, reducing the attractive force of the nucleus.
A common approximation for Zeff is Zeff = Z - S, where Z is the atomic number and S is the number of core electrons (non-valence electrons). For Co2+, S is approximately 18 (the number of electrons in the 1s, 2s, 2p, and 3s, 3p orbitals).
Therefore, Zeff for a valence electron in Co2+ is approximately 27 - 18 = 9. However, this is a simplified approximation. More accurate calculations would consider the varying shielding effects of different electron shells and subshells.
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