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What is the term symbol of an ion with d2 configuration
Accepted Answer
The term symbol for an ion with a d² configuration depends on the specific element and its oxidation state. Here's how to determine it:
1. Determine the number of electrons in the d-orbital. A d² configuration indicates two electrons in the d-orbital.
2. Calculate the total spin angular momentum (S). For two electrons, the maximum spin multiplicity (2S+1) is 3 (spin-aligned). Thus, S=1.
3. Determine the total orbital angular momentum (L). The d-orbital has an angular momentum of l=2. For d², the possible values of L are 2, 1, and 0 (based on the possible combinations of the two electrons in the d-orbital). The corresponding spectroscopic terms are D, P, and S, respectively.
4. Apply Hund's rules: Hund's rule dictates that the term with the highest multiplicity (highest value of S) is the ground state. So, we consider only the terms with S=1.
5. Identify the ground state term symbol. The ground state term symbol will be the one with the highest value of L. Therefore, for a d² configuration, the ground state term symbol is ³D.
Example:
The ground state term symbol for a Ti³⁺ ion (d² configuration) is ³D.
Note: The actual term symbol might vary slightly depending on the specific ion and its environment due to factors like ligand field splitting.
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