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Which one has Maximum multiplicity between 1g 3p 3f and 5d of d2 configuration of a transition metal
Accepted Answer
The 5D state has the maximum multiplicity for a d² configuration. Here's why:
Multiplicity: Multiplicity is a measure of the number of unpaired electrons in an atom. It's calculated using the formula 2S + 1, where S is the total spin angular momentum.
d² Configuration: A d² configuration has two electrons in the d orbitals.
Hund's Rule: Hund's rule states that electrons will individually occupy orbitals within a subshell before pairing up. This maximizes the total spin angular momentum (S).
Analyzing the States:
1G: This state suggests a total spin angular momentum (S) of 0 (since the multiplicity is 1). This is impossible for a d² configuration.
3P: This state suggests a total spin angular momentum (S) of 1 (since the multiplicity is 3). This could be achieved by having one electron spin up and one electron spin down.
3F: This state suggests a total spin angular momentum (S) of 1 (since the multiplicity is 3). This could be achieved by having one electron spin up and one electron spin down.
5D: This state suggests a total spin angular momentum (S) of 2 (since the multiplicity is 5). This is achieved when both electrons in the d² configuration have parallel spins (both spin up).
Conclusion: The 5D state maximizes the multiplicity for a d² configuration because it aligns both electrons with their spins parallel, maximizing the total spin angular momentum (S).
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