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Chromic acid (H₂CrO₄) is a strong oxidizing agent that reacts quickly with aldehydes due to the presence of the carbonyl group (C=O). The aldehyde's carbonyl carbon is easily oxidized by chromic acid, which leads to the formation of a carboxylic acid. The reaction proceeds through a series of steps involving the transfer of electrons and protons, ultimately resulting in the oxidation of the aldehyde to the corresponding carboxylic acid.