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Write all the elementary reactions for the solvay process and indicate the molecularity of each elementary reaction. Then write the overall reaction equation.
Accepted Answer
The Solvay process is a method for producing sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) from readily available raw materials. Here are the key elementary reactions involved, along with their molecularity:
1. Salt Brine Saturation:
NaCl(aq) + NH3(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) → NaHCO3(s) + NH4Cl(aq)
Molecularity: This reaction is complex and involves multiple steps, so it doesn't have a simple molecularity.
2. Sodium Bicarbonate Formation:
NH4HCO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) → NaHCO3(s) + NH4Cl(aq)
Molecularity: Bimolecular (two molecules reacting)
3. Sodium Carbonate Formation:
2NaHCO3(s) → Na2CO3(s) + H2O(g) + CO2(g)
Molecularity: Unimolecular (single molecule decomposing)
4. Ammonia Recovery:
2NH4Cl(aq) + Ca(OH)2(s) → CaCl2(aq) + 2NH3(g) + 2H2O(l)
Molecularity: Bimolecular (two molecules reacting)
Overall Reaction:
2NaCl(aq) + CaCO3(s) → Na2CO3(s) + CaCl2(aq)
This overall reaction represents the net change in the Solvay process. It shows that sodium chloride (NaCl) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) react to produce sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and calcium chloride (CaCl2).
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