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Alky halides, aldehydes and ketones. You will be assessed on characteristics, reactions and mechanisms.
Accepted Answer
Alkyl Halides:
Characteristics: Contain a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) bonded to a carbon atom. They are generally polar due to the electronegativity difference between the carbon and halogen.
Reactions: They undergo nucleophilic substitution (SN1 and SN2) and elimination reactions (E1 and E2).
Mechanisms: SN1 involves a carbocation intermediate, while SN2 occurs in one step. E1 and E2 reactions involve the loss of a proton and a leaving group.
Aldehydes and Ketones:
Characteristics: Both contain a carbonyl group (C=O). Aldehydes have one alkyl/aryl group and one hydrogen atom attached to the carbonyl carbon, while ketones have two alkyl/aryl groups.
Reactions: They undergo nucleophilic addition reactions, oxidation, and reduction. Aldehydes are easily oxidized to carboxylic acids.
Mechanisms: Nucleophilic addition involves the attack of a nucleophile on the carbonyl carbon, followed by protonation.
Characteristics: Contain a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) bonded to a carbon atom. They are generally polar due to the electronegativity difference between the carbon and halogen.
Reactions: They undergo nucleophilic substitution (SN1 and SN2) and elimination reactions (E1 and E2).
Mechanisms: SN1 involves a carbocation intermediate, while SN2 occurs in one step. E1 and E2 reactions involve the loss of a proton and a leaving group.
Aldehydes and Ketones:
Characteristics: Both contain a carbonyl group (C=O). Aldehydes have one alkyl/aryl group and one hydrogen atom attached to the carbonyl carbon, while ketones have two alkyl/aryl groups.
Reactions: They undergo nucleophilic addition reactions, oxidation, and reduction. Aldehydes are easily oxidized to carboxylic acids.
Mechanisms: Nucleophilic addition involves the attack of a nucleophile on the carbonyl carbon, followed by protonation.
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