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Could you analyze different steps of synthesizing iminodisuccinic acid: in a reaction of 2 moles maleic anhydride with 4 moles koh and 6 moles water at 60 c, and then addition ammonia at 50 c for 30 min and then 20 min heating at 120 c.
Accepted Answer
The synthesis of iminodisuccinic acid (IDA) from maleic anhydride, KOH, and ammonia likely proceeds through these steps:
1. Hydrolysis of Maleic Anhydride: Maleic anhydride reacts with water in the presence of KOH to form maleic acid. The reaction occurs in two steps, first with KOH and then with water. This process is likely favored at the elevated temperature (60°C).
2. Ammonolysis and Ring-Opening: Ammonia reacts with maleic acid, opening the ring and forming an amino succinate intermediate. This step is likely driven by the elevated temperature and the presence of ammonia.
3. Condensation: The amino succinate intermediates condense to form IDA. This step likely occurs during the heating at 120°C. The specific reaction mechanism and intermediate formation will depend on the exact reaction conditions and stoichiometry.
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