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Could you analyze different steps of synthesizing iminodisuccinic acid: in a reaction of 2 moles maleic anhydride with 4 moles koh and 6 moles water at 60 c, and then addition of 2.2 moles ammonia at 50 c for 30 min and then 20 min heating at 120 c.
Accepted Answer
The synthesis of iminodisuccinic acid (IDS) from maleic anhydride, KOH, and ammonia likely proceeds through these steps:
1. Hydrolysis of Maleic Anhydride: Maleic anhydride reacts with water in the presence of KOH to form maleic acid.
2. Formation of Succinic Acid: Maleic acid undergoes isomerization to succinic acid. This step is likely facilitated by the presence of KOH.
3. Ammonolysis: Ammonia reacts with succinic acid to form the intermediate monoammonium succinate. This is followed by a second ammonolysis step to form the diammonium succinate.
4. Cyclization: The diammonium succinate undergoes intramolecular cyclization to form IDS.
The reaction conditions (temperature, time) are crucial for optimal yield and product purity. Higher temperatures may lead to side reactions or decomposition. The reaction may also be sensitive to pH, with the ideal pH range for cyclization being around 8-9.
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