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How to calculate Ueff
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Ueff, or effective nuclear charge, represents the net positive charge experienced by an electron in a polyelectronic atom. It's calculated using the following formula: Ueff = Z - S, where Z is the atomic number (number of protons) and S is the screening constant. The screening constant accounts for the shielding effect of other electrons in the atom, which reduces the attraction between the nucleus and the electron in question.
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