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Suggest appropriate mole proportion to synthesize of tetrapotassium iminodisuccinate in three steps: the first step involves the addition of 8 ml water and 4.4 g KOH sequentially to 4.6 g maleic anhydride. second step: 3.6 g ammonium bicarbonate was added gradually stirring for 1 hour at 50°c. the last step: stirring for 0.5 hour at 110 c for the cyclization process.
Accepted Answer
The provided synthesis of tetrapotassium iminodisuccinate has multiple issues regarding mole proportions. Here's a breakdown and suggestions for improvement:
1. Step 1:
- Maleic anhydride (C4H2O3): 4.6 g corresponds to approximately 0.047 moles.
- KOH (KOH): 4.4 g corresponds to approximately 0.078 moles. This is a significant excess of KOH (nearly 2 equivalents) compared to the maleic anhydride. This can lead to undesired side reactions and difficulty isolating the desired product.
- Water: 8 ml is a volume, not a weight or mole amount. While water is a solvent, its exact quantity should be determined based on solubility and the need to minimize side reactions.
- Suggestion: Use a 1:1 mole ratio of KOH to maleic anhydride, ensuring complete conversion to potassium maleate. The water volume should be adjusted for optimal solubility and reaction conditions.
2. Step 2:
- Ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3): 3.6 g corresponds to approximately 0.04 moles.
- Suggestion: This step introduces the nitrogen atom. Using a 1:1 mole ratio with the maleate formed in step 1 would be a good starting point. However, the exact amount might need adjustment based on yield optimization and experimental data.
3. Step 3:
- Cyclization: The time and temperature conditions are relevant for the cyclization reaction but do not directly determine mole proportions.
Overall: To accurately determine the appropriate mole proportions for each reagent, you need to carefully consider the stoichiometry of each reaction step and the desired product. It's recommended to adjust the amounts of each reagent based on experimental results and optimization studies. For example, you could start with a smaller scale reaction to determine the optimal mole ratios for each step.
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