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The first step in the synthesis of tetrapotassium iminodisuccinate involves the reaction of maleic anhydride with potassium hydroxide (KOH). This reaction is a basic hydrolysis, where the anhydride ring is opened by the hydroxide ions. The pH of the reaction mixture will be highly alkaline, likely around 12-14, due to the presence of a strong base (KOH). A high pH is crucial for the ring opening and formation of the potassium succinate intermediate.