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What are the primary analytical techniques used for the pollutants analysis in aqueous system
Accepted Answer
Primary analytical techniques for pollutant analysis in aqueous systems:
* Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS): Separates and identifies volatile organic compounds (VOCs) based on their mass-to-charge ratio.
* High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): Separates and quantifies dissolved organic compounds based on their polarity, size, and charge.
* Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Measures the elemental composition of metals in solution by ionizing them and analyzing their mass-to-charge ratio.
* Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS): Measures the concentration of specific metal ions by absorbing light of a specific wavelength that is characteristic of the metal.
* Capillary Electrophoresis (CE): Separates and analyzes charged molecules in solution based on their electrophoretic mobility.
* Ion Chromatography (IC): Separates and quantifies ions in solution based on their charge and size.
* Biosensors: Utilize biological components to detect and quantify specific pollutants, such as bacteria or enzymes that interact with the pollutants.
Factors influencing technique selection:
* Nature of pollutants (e.g., organic, inorganic, volatile, non-volatile)
* Concentration levels
* Sample matrix complexity
* Available instrumentation and expertise
* Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS): Separates and identifies volatile organic compounds (VOCs) based on their mass-to-charge ratio.
* High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): Separates and quantifies dissolved organic compounds based on their polarity, size, and charge.
* Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Measures the elemental composition of metals in solution by ionizing them and analyzing their mass-to-charge ratio.
* Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS): Measures the concentration of specific metal ions by absorbing light of a specific wavelength that is characteristic of the metal.
* Capillary Electrophoresis (CE): Separates and analyzes charged molecules in solution based on their electrophoretic mobility.
* Ion Chromatography (IC): Separates and quantifies ions in solution based on their charge and size.
* Biosensors: Utilize biological components to detect and quantify specific pollutants, such as bacteria or enzymes that interact with the pollutants.
Factors influencing technique selection:
* Nature of pollutants (e.g., organic, inorganic, volatile, non-volatile)
* Concentration levels
* Sample matrix complexity
* Available instrumentation and expertise
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