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Why are the rate of reaction usually faster at the beginning explain buffer action teach ,explain and show how to calculate the ph of a solution r is a proportional constant called?
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Here's a breakdown of the chemistry concepts you've asked about:
Why are reaction rates faster at the beginning?
High Reactant Concentration: At the start, there's a high concentration of reactants, meaning more collisions between molecules are likely, leading to a faster rate.
Decreasing Reactant Concentration: As the reaction progresses, reactants are consumed, decreasing the frequency of collisions and slowing the rate.
Buffer Action
Definition: Buffers are solutions that resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.
Mechanism: Buffers contain a weak acid and its conjugate base (or a weak base and its conjugate acid). They work by reacting with added H+ or OH- ions, preventing significant pH shifts.
Calculating pH
pH = -log[H+] where [H+] is the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter (M).
Example: If the [H+] of a solution is 1.0 x 10^-4 M, then the pH = -log(1.0 x 10^-4) = 4.0
R is a Proportional Constant Called?
In chemistry, 'R' is often the ideal gas constant. It relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of an ideal gas: PV = nRT. The value of R depends on the units used for pressure, volume, and temperature.
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