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Write down the important points for a good reference standard used in NMR spectroscopy.
Accepted Answer
A good NMR reference standard should possess the following key characteristics:
Well-defined chemical shift: The reference should exhibit a sharp and easily identifiable signal at a known chemical shift. This allows for accurate calibration of the NMR spectrometer.
High purity: Impurities in the reference standard can introduce unwanted signals, compromising the accuracy of spectral analysis.
Chemical inertness: The reference should be chemically inert and stable under the conditions of the NMR experiment to avoid interfering with the sample.
Solubility: The reference should be soluble in the solvent used for the sample to ensure proper signal intensity and homogeneity.
Non-reactive with the sample: The reference should not interact with the sample molecules, avoiding any potential chemical shifts or broadening of the signals.
Availability: The reference standard should be readily available and commercially obtainable.
Commonly used reference standards include tetramethylsilane (TMS) for proton and carbon NMR, and sodium trimethylsilylpropionate (TSP) for biological samples.
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