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Write short notes on rnsp3 Hybridization, Sp2 Hybridization and sp Hybridization
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## Hybridization in Organic Chemistry
Hybridization is a concept used to explain the bonding and shape of molecules in organic chemistry. It involves the mixing of atomic orbitals to create new hybrid orbitals that are more suitable for bonding. Here are brief notes on the three common types of hybridization:
1. sp³ Hybridization:
Formation: One s orbital and three p orbitals combine to form four equivalent sp³ hybrid orbitals.
Geometry: Tetrahedral with bond angles of 109.5°.
Examples: Methane (CH₄), water (H₂O), ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH)
2. sp² Hybridization:
Formation: One s orbital and two p orbitals combine to form three equivalent sp² hybrid orbitals.
Geometry: Trigonal planar with bond angles of 120°.
Examples: Ethene (C₂H₄), formaldehyde (H₂CO), benzene (C₆H₆)
3. sp Hybridization:
Formation: One s orbital and one p orbital combine to form two equivalent sp hybrid orbitals.
Geometry: Linear with bond angles of 180°.
Examples: Ethyne (C₂H₂), carbon dioxide (CO₂), acetylene (C₂H₂)
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