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Periodic Table and Periodic Properties

Key Points:

• The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of chemical elements, organized based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties.
• Elements in the periodic table are arranged in 18 vertical columns called groups and 7 horizontal rows called periods.
• The periodic table is divided into four blocks: s-block, p-block, d-block, and f-block.
• The periodic table can be used to predict the properties and behavior of elements based on their position in the table.
• Periodic properties are the trends in physical and chemical properties of elements that occur as a function of their atomic number.

Main Concepts:

• Atomic Number: The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the element's identity.
• Electron Configuration: The distribution of electrons in energy levels or orbitals around the atomic nucleus.
• Group (Vertical Column): A vertical column in the periodic table where elements share similar chemical properties due to their similar electron configurations.
• Period (Horizontal Row): A horizontal row in the periodic table where elements have the same number of electron shells.
• Periodic Trends: The systematic variation in properties (e.g., atomic radius, ionization energy, electronegativity) of elements as a function of their atomic number.