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Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique that measures the difference in heat flow rate between a sample and a reference as a function of temperature. The basic principle of DSC is that when a sample undergoes a physical or chemical change, it will absorb or release heat. The heat flow rate is measured by a sensor that is placed in contact with the sample and the reference. The difference in heat flow rate between the sample and the reference is then plotted as a function of temperature. DSC can be used to study a wide variety of materials and processes, including melting, freezing, crystallization, and chemical reactions.