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The diamagnetic correction is applied to the effective nuclear charge (Ueff) to account for the shielding effect of core electrons. It is calculated using Slater's rules, which assign shielding constants (S) to each electron based on its principle quantum number (n) and the type of orbital (s, p, d, or f). The effective nuclear charge is then calculated as:
Ueff = Z - S
where Z is the atomic number. The diamagnetic correction is a subtle effect, but it can have a significant impact on the properties of an atom, such as its ionization energy and electron affinity.