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Interferences in atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) can arise from various sources, including:
- Spectral interferences: These occur when the analyte and an interfering substance absorb light at the same wavelength. This can lead to an overestimation of the analyte concentration.
- Chemical interferences: These occur when the analyte reacts with an interfering substance to form a new compound that does not absorb light at the desired wavelength. This can lead to an underestimation of the analyte concentration.
- Ionization interferences: These occur when the analyte is ionized in the flame, which can lead to a decrease in the absorption signal. This can be overcome by adding a releasing agent to the sample.
- Matrix effects: These occur when the composition of the sample matrix affects the absorption signal of the analyte. This can be overcome by using a matrix modifier or by matching the matrix of the standards to the matrix of the samples.
Interferences can be a significant source of error in AAS, so it is important to be aware of the potential sources of interference and to take steps to minimize their effects.