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Monochloroacetone can be synthesized by chlorination of acetone using chlorine gas in the presence of a catalyst. A common catalyst used is iron(III) chloride (FeCl3). The reaction proceeds via a free radical mechanism, where the chlorine radicals react with acetone to form monochloroacetone. The reaction can be carried out in the presence of a solvent like acetic acid to improve the yield and selectivity of the reaction.